Synopsis
chmod [ -fR] mode pathname ...
Description
chmod changes the access permissions or made of the specified files or directories.Modes determine who can read, change or execute a file.
Options
the -R option can be used when a directory is specified on the command line. chmod will give all subdirectories and files under that directory the attributes specified for the directory itself.
the -f option forces chmod to return a succesful status and no error messages, even if errors are encountered.this is useful if you're using -R to change a lot of files but you don't really care if chmod changes everything, provided that it change a particular subset of the files.
Modes
The mode value on the command line can be spesified in symbolic form or as an octal value.
A symbolic mode has the form
[who] op permission [op permission ...]
the who value can be any combination of the following:
u sets user (individual) permissions
g sets group permissions
o sets other permissions
a sets all permissions;this is the default
On DOS, there are no group or other permissions. therefore, they always match the individual permissions.
the op part of a symbolic mode is an operator telling whether permissions ahould be turned on or off
If you are under a proxy server, and want to access net using http or ftp through Konsole/Terminal, you will need to export http_proxy/ftp_proxy variables. One simple way to do so is that you type the following 2 commands :
$export http_proxy="http://username:password@proxyserver:proxyport"
$export ftp_proxy="http://username:password@proxyserver:proxyport"
You will need to replace “username”, “password”, “proxyserver” and “proxyport” with appropriate values.
But this way, you will see your password as well. And if you are with your friends, they can see the password as well. To solve this problem, you can use this small script. In “/etc/bash.bashrc” append these lines :
function proxy(){
echo -n "username :"
read -e username
echo -n "password :"
read -es password
export http_proxy="http://$username:$password@proxyserver:proxyport/"
export ftp_proxy="http://$username:$password@proxyserver:proxyport/"
echo -e "\nProxy variables set."
}
You will need to replace “proxyserver” and “proxyport” with appropriate values. Thats it. Now whenever you need to export the variables, just type “proxy” and press enter. It will ask you for your username and passwd. And will do the rest by itself.